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1.
Rev. bras. hipertens ; 28(1): 35-38, 10 març. 2021.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1367868

ABSTRACT

Pressão Central, como o nome indica, é uma medida hemodinâmica semelhante a pressão arterial convencional porém avaliada de forma indireta por equipamento especifico, que avalia estes parâmetros na saída do sangue na raiz da aorta. Esta medida tem uma maior confiabilidade pois prediz de forma mais acurada os riscos de adoecimento e morte cardiovascular. Isto ocorre, pois a a onda de pulso (OP) ao percorrer os trajetos arteriais sofrem ampliações e importantes modificações no seu contorno deformando o valor original. Embora seja mais precisa em valores, ainda não é usado de rotina na pratica clinica por razoes de custos dos seus equipamentos e provavelmente por exigir habilidades maiores que as medidas captadas pelo equipamentos de mensuração periférica


Central pressure, as the name implies, is a hemodynamic measure similar to conventional blood pressure, but indirectly assessed by specific equipment, which evaluates these parameters at the blood outlet at the root of the aorta. This measure has greater confidence because it more accurately predicts the risks of cardiovascular disease and death. This occurs because the pulse wave (OP) when traversing the arterial paths provides enlargements and modifications in its contour, deforming the original value. Although it is more precise in terms of values, it is not yet routinely used in clinical practice for reasons of the cost of its equipment and probably because it requires greater needs than measures captured by peripheral measurement equipment


Subject(s)
Central Venous Pressure/physiology , Pulse Wave Analysis , Heart Disease Risk Factors
2.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(4): 1271-1276, July-Aug. 2020. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1131521

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to calculate the collapsibility index (CI) in a group of 15 healthy adult mixed breed cats via right hepatic intercostal ultrasound view. The minimal and the maximal diameters of the caudal vena cava (CVC) were obtained during inspiration and expiration, respectively, then CI was calculated. The mean diameter of the CVC was 0.5cm. The mean CI was 28±3% and CI was not significantly associated with gender. As in human medicine, there is a growing need for less invasive monitoring in small animal practice. The CI enables the assessment of estimated volemia without the need for a central venous catheter. This is the first reported study investigating CI in cats.(AU)


O objetivo deste estudo foi calcular o índice de colapsabilidade (IC) em um grupo de 15 gatos adultos, saudáveis e SRD, por meio da janela ultrassonográfica hepática intercostal direita. Os diâmetros mínimo e máximo da veia cava caudal (VCC) foram obtidos durante a inspiração e a expiração, respectivamente. O IC foi calculado, posteriormente. O diâmetro médio da VCC foi de 0,5cm. O diâmetro médio do IC foi de 28±3%, e o IC não foi significativamente associado ao gênero. Como na medicina humana, há uma necessidade crescente de monitoramento menos invasivo na prática de pequenos animais. O IC possibilita a avaliação da volemia estimada sem a necessidade de um cateter venoso central. Este é o primeiro estudo relatado sobre IC em gatos domésticos.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Venae Cavae/anatomy & histology , Central Venous Pressure/physiology , Ultrasonography
4.
Rev. latinoam. enferm. (Online) ; 27: e3125, 2019. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1004251

ABSTRACT

Objetivos durante a punção venosa periférica, recomenda-se o uso de um garrote acima do local da punção para potencializar a distensão venosa. Dadas as suas características e o uso em ambientes clínicos, os garrotes podem representar uma fonte de disseminação de micro-organismos. Entretanto, os resultados de estudos científicos nessa área estão dispersos na literatura. Esta revisão de escopo tem como objetivo mapear as evidências disponíveis a respeito das práticas dos profissionais de saúde no que concerne ao uso do garrote durante a punção venosa periférica e à contaminação microbiológica associada. Método revisão de escopo de acordo com a metodologia do Instituto Joanna Briggs. Dois revisores independentes analisaram a relevância dos estudos, extraíram e sintetizaram dados. Resultados quinze estudos foram incluídos na revisão. Em geral, os garrotes foram reutilizados sem processos de descontaminação recorrentes. Verificou-se que os profissionais compartilham esses dispositivos entre si e os usaram continuamente por períodos entre duas semanas e sete anos e meio. Conclusão as práticas de enfermagem relacionadas ao uso do garrote durante a punção venosa periférica não são uniformes. A reutilização de garrotes pode colocar em risco a segurança do paciente se o reprocessamento (limpeza e desinfecção/esterilização) não for adequado, dado o tipo de material do garrote e a microbiota encontrada. Novos estudos são necessários para avaliar o impacto de vários tipos de práticas de reprocessamento na descontaminação de garrotes e na segurança do paciente.


Objectives during peripheral venipuncture, health professionals are recommended to use a tourniquet above the puncture site in order to potentiate venous distension. Given its characteristics and use in clinical settings, tourniquets may represent a source of microorganism dissemination. However, the results of scientific studies in this area are scattered in the literature. This scoping review aims to map the available evidence on health professionals' practices related with tourniquet use during peripheral venipuncture and associated microbiological contamination. Methods scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Two independent reviewers analyzed the relevance of the studies, extracted and synthesized data. Results fifteen studies were included in the review. Overall, tourniquets were reused without being subject to recurring decontamination processes. It has been found that practitioners share these devices among themselves and use them successively for periods between two weeks and seven and half years. Conclusion nursing practices related to tourniquet use during peripheral venipuncture are not standard. Reuse of tourniquets may jeopardize the patient's safety if reprocessing (cleaning and disinfection/sterilization) is not adequate, given the type of tourniquet material and microbiota found. New studies are needed to assess the impact of various types of reprocessing practices on tourniquet decontamination and patient safety.


Objetivos durante la punción venosa periférica, se recomienda el uso de un garrote arriba del sitio de la punción para potenciar la distensión venosa. Dadas sus características y uso en ambientes clínicos, los garrotes pueden representar una fuente de diseminación de microorganismos. Sin embargo, los resultados de estudios científicos en esta área están dispersos en la literatura. Esta revisión de alcance tiene como objetivo mapear las evidencias disponibles acerca de las prácticas de los profesionales de salud en lo que concierne al uso del garrote durante la punción venosa periférica y la contaminación microbiológica asociada. Método revisión de alcance de acuerdo con la metodología del Instituto Joanna Briggs. Dos revisores independientes analizaron la relevancia de los estudios, extrajeron y sintetizaron datos. Resultados quince estudios se incluyeron en la revisión. En general, los garrotes fueron reutilizados sin procesos de descontaminación recurrentes. Se verificó que los profesionales comparten estos dispositivos entre sí y los utilizaron continuamente por períodos entre dos semanas y siete años y medio. Conclusión las prácticas de enfermería relacionadas al uso del garrote durante la punción venosa periférica no son uniformes. La reutilización de garrotes puede poner en riesgo la seguridad del paciente si el reprocesamiento (limpieza y desinfección/esterilización) no es adecuado, dado el tipo de material del garrote y la microbiota encontrada. Nuevos estudios son necesarios para evaluar el impacto de varios tipos de prácticas de reprocesamiento en la descontaminación de garrotes y en la seguridad del paciente.


Subject(s)
Humans , Professional Practice , Catheterization/methods , Central Venous Pressure/physiology , Disinfection/instrumentation , Equipment Contamination/prevention & control , Portugal , Health Personnel , Phlebotomy/methods
5.
Rev. chil. cir ; 69(4): 310-314, ago. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-899607

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La disminución de la presión venosa central (PVC) a menos de 5mmHg ha sido recomendada para disminuir el sangrado durante la cirugía hepática. No se conoce el efecto de esto en el llenado ventricular e índice cardíaco (IC). Objetivo: Medir el efecto en el volumen de fin de diástole del ventrículo izquierdo indexado (VFDVII) e IC de la disminución a 3-4mmHg de la PVC. Método: Se estudiaron pacientes sometidos a cirugía general en los cuales se monitorizó presión arterial directa, PVC, y ecocardiografía transesofágica (ETE). Posterior a la inducción anestésica, y después de 5min de estabilidad hemodinámica, se midieron VFDVII e IC, los cuales se repitieron 5 min después de disminuir la PVC a 3-4 mmHg. Resultados: Se estudiaron 32 pacientes; 12 cumplían criterios de disfunción diastólica (DD). Los valores basales y posteriores a la reducción de la PVC de VFDVII e IC fueron respectivamente 49,4 ± 13 y 40,1 ±13 ml/m², y 2,8 ± 0,56 y 2,5 ± 0,7 l/m² (ambos p < 0,01). Todas las variaciones fueron mayores en los pacientes con DD. Conclusiones: La disminución de la PVC a los niveles recomendados para disminuir el sangrado produce una moderada pero significativa reducción del IC. Esto debe ser considerado en pacientes con condiciones que pudieran hacer más importante el efecto de la disminución de la PVC.


Introduction: The reduction of central venous pressure (CVP) below 5mmHg has been recommended to decrease bleeding during hepatic surgery. The effect of this practice on cardiac function has not been quantified. Objective: To measure the repercussion of the decrease of CVP on left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV) and cardiac index (CI). Method: Patients undergoing general anaesthesia for major surgery were studied. Monitoring included direct arterial pressure, CVP, and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). During a stable period of anaesthesia, all of these parameters were measured before and after lowering CVP to 3-4mmHg. Results: Thirty-two patients were studied. Twelve patients met TEE diagnostic criteria for diastolic dysfunction (DD). Basal and post CVP reduction values of LVEDVI and CI were 49.4 ± 13 and 40.1 ±13ml/m², 2.8±0.56 and 2.5±0.7l/m² respectively (both P< .01). All these variations were greater in patients with DD. Conclusions: Reduction of CVP produced a moderate but significant decrease in LVEDV and CI This should be considered in patients with conditions that may increase the effect of decreasing the CVP.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Surgical Procedures, Operative/methods , Cardiac Output/physiology , Central Venous Pressure/physiology , Blood Pressure , Blood Loss, Surgical/prevention & control , Echocardiography, Transesophageal , Hemodynamics , Monitoring, Physiologic
6.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 108(4): 297-303, Apr. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-838718

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) takes place in 10-40% of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and increases cardiovascular mortality. Enlargement of atrial chambers is associated with increased AF incidence, so patients with higher central venous pressure (CVP) are expected to have larger atrial distension, which increases AF incidence. Objective: To compare post-CABG AF incidence, following two CVP control strategies. Methods: Interventional, randomized, controlled clinical study. The sample comprised 140 patients undergoing CABG between 2011 and 2015. They were randomized into two groups, G15 and G20, with CVP maintained ≤ 15 cmH2O and ≤ 20 cmH2O, respectively. Results: 70 patients were included in each group. The AF incidence in G15 was 8.57%, and in G20, 22.86%, with absolute risk reduction of 14.28%, and number needed to treat (NNT) of 7 (p = 0.03). Mortality (G15 = 5.71%; G20 = 11.42%; p = 0.07), hospital length of stay (G15 = 7.14 days; G20 = 8.21 days; p = 0.36), number of grafts (median: G15 = 3, G2 = 2; p = 0.22) and cardiopulmonary bypass use (G15 = 67.10%; G20 = 55.70%; p = 0.22) were statistically similar. Age (p = 0.04) and hospital length of stay (p = 0.001) were significantly higher in patients who developed AF in both groups. Conclusion: Keeping CVP low in the first 72 post-CABG hours reduces the relative risk of AF, and may be useful to prevent AF after CABG.


Resumo Fundamento: A fibrilação atrial (FA) ocorre em 10-40% dos pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica (RM), e eleva a mortalidade cardiovascular. Como o aumento dos átrios está associado ao aumento da incidência de FA, espera-se que pacientes com pressão venosa central (PVC) mais alta tenham maior distensão atrial, o que eleva a incidência dessa arritmia. Objetivo: Comparar a incidência de FA em pós-operatório de RM, seguindo duas estratégias de controle de PVC. Métodos: Estudo clínico randomizado controlado intervencionista. A amostra foi composta por 140 pacientes submetidos a RM entre 2011 e 2015. Os pacientes foram randomizados em dois grupos, G15 e G20, mantidos com PVC máxima de 15 cmH2O e 20 cmH2O, respectivamente. Resultados: Foram incluídos 70 pacientes em cada grupo. A incidência da arritmia em G15 foi de 8,57% e, no G20, de 22,86%, com redução de risco absoluto de 14,28% e número necessário para tratar (NNT) de 7 (p = 0,03). Mortalidade (G15 = 5,71%; G20 = 11,42%; p = 0,07), tempo de internamento (G15 = 7,14 dias; G20 = 8,21 dias; p = 0,36), número de enxertos (medianas: G15 = 3, G2 = 2; p = 0,22) e uso de circulação extracorpórea (G15 = 67,10%; G20 = 55,70%; p = 0,22) mostraram-se estatisticamente semelhantes. A idade (p = 0,04) e o tempo de internamento (p = 0,001) foram significativamente maiores nos pacientes que desenvolveram FA nos dois grupos. Conclusão: Manter a PVC com valores mais baixos nas primeiras 72h após a cirurgia de RM reduz o risco relativo de FA e pode ser uma ferramenta útil na prevenção da FA após RM.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Atrial Fibrillation/etiology , Atrial Fibrillation/prevention & control , Central Venous Pressure/physiology , Coronary Artery Bypass/adverse effects , Postoperative Period , Atrial Fibrillation/epidemiology , Central Venous Pressure/drug effects , Coronary Artery Bypass/mortality , Incidence , Prospective Studies , Age Factors , Diuretics/administration & dosage , Furosemide/administration & dosage , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data
7.
RELAMPA, Rev. Lat.-Am. Marcapasso Arritm ; 27(3): 129-135, jul.-set. 2014.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-736743

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar a incidência de fibrilação atrial apósrevascularização do miocárdio entre pacientes que tiveram a pressão venosa central rigorosamente controladanas primeiras 48-72 horas de pós-operatório e pacientes que não tiveram controle rigoroso. Método: Estudoobservacional, do tipo caso-controle, realizado na Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Ponta Grossa. O caso foicomposto por 80 pacientes avaliados prospectivamente submetidos a revascularização miocárdica entre 2012e 2014, os quais tiveram a pressão venosa central avaliada de duas em duas horas, nas primeiras 72 horas depós-operatório, sendo administrada uma ampola de furosemida cada vez que a pressão atingiu o ponto de cortepreestabelecido de forma randomizada em 15 cmH2O ou 20 cmH2O. Já o controle foi composto por 184 pacientesavaliados retrospectivamente submetidos a revascularização miocárdica entre 2009 e 2012, antes do início darandomização, nos quais o controle da pressão venosa central foi menos rigoroso, ficando a necessidade de usode diurético a critério dos intensivistas. Avaliou-se a incidência de fibrilação atrial nas primeiras 72 horas depós-operatório nos dois grupos. Resultados: A incidência de fibrilação atrial foi menor no grupo caso (11,25%, 9em 80), comparativamente ao grupo controle (23,35%, 43 em 184) (P = 0,03). Outras variáveis estudadas foramsemelhantes entre os grupos, exceto o clearance de creatinina, que foi maior no grupo controle. Conclusão: Opresente estudo demonstra que o controle da pressão venosa central nas primeiras 72 horas de pós-operatório écapaz de reduzir a incidência de fibrilação atrial após revascularização do miocárdio.


Background: This study was aimed at comparing the incidence of atrial fibrillation after coronaryartery bypass grafting among patients who have had central venous pressure strictly controlled within thefirst 48-72 hours after surgery and patients who did not have a strict control. Method: Observational, casecontrolstudy, performed at Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Ponta Grossa. The case included 80 prospectivelyevaluated patients submitted to myocardial revascularization between 2012 and 2014, who had central venouspressure evaluated every two hours, in the first 72 hours after surgery. Patients received a vial of furosemide everytime the pressure reached the pre-established cutoff randomly set as 15 or 20 cmH2O. The control included 184retrospectively evaluated patients undergoing myocardial revascularization between 2009 and 2011 prior to thebeginning of randomization; in this group central venous pressure control was less rigorous, requiring use ofdiuretics at the discretion of the intensivists. The incidence of atrial fibrillation in the first 72 hours after surgerywas evaluated in both groups. Results: The incidence of atrial fibrillation was lower in the case group (11.25%,9 in 80) than in the control group, (23.35%, 43 in 184) (P = 0.03). Other studied variables were similar betweenthe groups except for the creatinine clearance, which was higher in the control group. Conclusion: The presentstudy demonstrates that the central venous pressure control within the first 72 hours after surgery reduces theincidence of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Atrial Fibrillation/classification , Central Venous Pressure/physiology , Myocardial Revascularization/rehabilitation , Comorbidity , Postoperative Care/nursing , Intensive Care Units , Observational Study
9.
Rev. urug. cardiol ; 27(3): 418-430, ago. 2012. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-723539

ABSTRACT

Introducción: se presenta un trabajo de revisión sobre las diferencias entre la presión aórtica central (PAC) y la presión arterial periférica (PAP), y sobre la importancia biomédica de la PAC. Adicionalmente, se presenta un trabajo de investigación original que permitió determinar curvas por edad para la PAC de una población uruguaya y determinar los porcentajes de individuos (discriminando por edad, sexo y nivel de PAP) que presentan niveles de PAC hipertensivos. Material y método: en 785 uruguayos (edad: 6-79 años), sin enfermedad cardiovascular, hipertensión arterial, diabetes e insuficiencia renal, y sin empleo de fármacos vasoactivos, se midió la PAC y parámetros de reflexión de onda (índice de aumento, presión de aumento aórtica) mediante tonometría de aplanamiento radial y aplicación de una función transferencia generalizada. Resultados: se obtuvieron las tendencias por edad esperables de encontrar para los parámetros de PAC y reflexiones de onda. El 3% y 24% de personas con PAP normal/normal alta, respectivamente, presentaron PAC sistólica mayor del valor deseado. El 32% de personas con PAP clasificable como HTA 1 no presentarían PAC hipertensiva. El 11%-17% de las personas con niveles de PAP óptimos presentaron presión de pulso (PP) aórticas hipertensivas. El 22% y 35% de las personas con PAP normal/normal alta, respectivamente, presentaron PP aórtica hipertensivas. El 43% de personas con niveles de PAP clasificable como HTA 1 no presentaron PP aórtica hipertensiva. Conclusión: medir la PAC contribuiría en la evaluación y clasificación de estados hipertensivos, la valoración de la respuesta al tratamiento y en la determinación del riesgo vascular del paciente.


Subject(s)
Child , Middle Aged , Central Venous Pressure/physiology , Venous Pressure/physiology
10.
Ann Card Anaesth ; 2012 Apr; 15(2): 118-121
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-139652

ABSTRACT

Unrecognized patent foramen ovale (PFO) in patients after left ventricular assist device (VAD) placement could cause significant hypoxemia and paradoxical embolism. We aim to improve the techniques for PFO detection in this patient population before left ventricular device initiation. We evaluated the effects of main pulmonary artery occlusion on patients' hemodynamic and detection of PFO by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). We compared between the standard and pulmonary artery occlusion technique. Sixty-two patients with ASA physical status class IV were studied. They presented with end-stage heart failure for left VAD placement. All patients received both Valsava maneuver and occlusion of their pulmonary arteries to assess their influence on detection of PFO. Occlusion of the main pulmonary artery consistently increased right atrial to left atrial pressure gradient. The PFO detection rate using TEE was significantly improved from 0% to 10% by this maneuver compared with the Valsava maneuver. Occlusion of the main pulmonary artery is a simple and effective method to improve PFO detection by TEE before left VAD initiation.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Blood Pressure/physiology , Cardiac Catheterization , Cardiac Surgical Procedures/methods , Cardiopulmonary Bypass , Central Venous Pressure/physiology , Echocardiography, Transesophageal , Female , Foramen Ovale, Patent/diagnosis , Heart Atria/diagnostic imaging , Heart Failure/etiology , Heart Failure/surgery , Heart-Assist Devices , Hemodynamics/physiology , Humans , Male , Microbubbles , Middle Aged , Pulmonary Artery/physiology , Sternotomy , Valsalva Maneuver , Young Adult
11.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 23(4): 488-493, out.-dez. 2008. graf, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-506031

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: É comum a obtenção de acesso venoso femoral em pacientes submetidos a cirurgia cardíaca em associação ou como alternativa ao acesso superior (veia jugular interna ou veia subclávia). O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as medidas de pressão venosa central (PVC) em dois sítios diferentes (superior vs. femoral). MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo e aberto com 60 pacientes submetidos a cirurgia cardíaca no período de julho a novembro de 2006. Foram obtidas três medidas de cada paciente em cada sítio (admissão, 6 e 12 horas após a cirurgia) em duas inclinações diferentes da cabeceira do leito (zero e 30 graus), totalizando 720 medidas. RESULTADOS: Cinqüenta e cinco por cento dos pacientes foram submetidos a revascularização do miocárdio, 38 por cento a cirurgia valvar e 7 por cento a outras cirurgias. A média de PVC ± desvio padrão (DP) medida no acesso superior foi de 13,0 ± 5,5 mmHg (zero grau) e 13,3 ± 6,1 mmHg (30 graus), enquanto que as medidas no acesso inferior foram 11,1 ± 4,9 mmHg (zero grau) e 13,7 ± 4,6 mmHg (30 graus). A correlação linear (r) entre as medidas nos dois sítios foi de 0,66 (zero grau) e 0,53 (30 graus), ambas com p < 0,0001. CONCLUSÃO: A PVC pode ser medida com acurácia no acesso venoso femoral no pós-operatório imediato de cirurgia cardíaca, com melhor correlação linear obtida com as medidas feitas com a cabeceira do leito posicionada em zero grau.


OBJECTIVE: It is common to obtain femoral venous approach in patients undergoing combined heart surgery or as an alternative to superior approach (internal jugular vein or subclavian vein). The aim of this study was to compare the measures of central venous pressure (CVP) at two different sites (superior versus femoral). METHODS: We prospectively and openly allocated 60 patients who underwent heart surgery between July from November 2006. Three measures were obtained from each patient at each site (admission, 6 and 12 hours after surgery) in two different inclinations of the headboard (zero and 30 degrees) totaling 720 measures. RESULTS: Fifty five percent of patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting, 38 percent heart valve surgery and 7 percent other surgeries. The mean of CVP ± standard deviation (SD) measured in superior approach was 13.0 ± 5.5 mmHg (zero degree) and 13.3 ± 6.1 mmHg (30 degrees) while the measures in inferior approach were 11.1 ± 4.9 mmHg (zero degree) and 13.7 ± 4.6 mmHg (30 degrees). The linear correlation (r) between the measures in both sites was 0.66 (zero degree) and 0.53 (30 degrees), both with p value<0.0001. CONCLUSION: The CVP can be measured with accuracy in the femoral venous approach in the immediate postoperative period of heart surgery with better linear correlation obtained with the measures made with the headboard positioned at zero degree.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Catheterization, Central Venous/methods , Central Venous Pressure/physiology , Femoral Vein/physiology , Jugular Veins/physiology , Subclavian Vein/physiology , Beds , Epidemiologic Methods , Postoperative Period , Posture , Preoperative Care , Time Factors
12.
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 80(1)ene.-mar. 2008. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-505467

ABSTRACT

Reportamos la evolución de un paciente que podía ser operado mediante el procedimiento Norwood I, pero a quien se realizó un procedimiento paliativo híbrido alternativo. Se trató de un recién nacido de 13 días de edad, que ingresó en nuestro centro con insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva. Se le realizó ecocardiograma, en el que se confirmó atresia aórtica, coartación aórtica y comunicación interventricular. Se le aplicó un procedimiento consistente en atrioseptostomía con balón (Rashkind), cerclaje de las ramas pulmonares y colocación de una endoprótesis vascular ('stent') en el conducto arterioso. El paciente presentó una evolución estable durante la operación. Evaluamos su comportamiento hemodinámico durante las primeras 72 h.


The evolution of a patient that could be operated on by the Norwood I procedure, but underwent an alternative hybrid palliative procedure instead, was reported. The patient, a 13-day-old newborn infant was admitted in our centre with congestive heart failure. An echocardiogram was performed, and aortic atresia, aortic coarctation and intraventricular communication were confirmed. A procedure consisting in balloon atrioseptostomy (Rashkind), cerclage of the pulmonary branches and placement of a vascular endoprosthesis (stent) in the arterious duct was applied. The patient presented a stable evolution during the operation. His hemodynamic behaviour was evaluated during the first 72 hours.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena , Environmental Monitoring , Central Venous Pressure/physiology
13.
Ann Card Anaesth ; 2008 Jan-Jun; 11(1): 27-34
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-1604

ABSTRACT

Early goal-directed therapy is a term used to describe the guidance of intravenous fluid and vasopressor/inotropic therapy by using cardiac output or similar parameters in the immediate post-cardiopulmonary bypass in cardiac surgery patients. Early recognition and therapy during this period may result in better outcome. In keeping with this aim in the cardiac surgery patients, we conducted the present study. The study included 30 patients of both sexes, with EuroSCORE >or=3 undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, namely, control and early goal-directed therapy (EGDT) groups. All the subjects received standardized care; arterial pressure was monitored through radial artery, central venous pressure through a triple lumen in the right internal jugular vein, electrocardiogram, oxygen saturation, temperature, urine output per hour and frequent arterial blood gas analysis. In addition, cardiac index monitoring using FloTrac and continuous central venous oxygen saturation using PreSep was used in patients in the EGTD group. Our aim was to maintain the cardiac index at 2.5-4.2 l/min/m2 , stroke volume index 30-65 ml/beat/m2 , systemic vascular resistance index 1500-2500 dynes/s/cm5/m2 , oxygen delivery index 450-600 ml/min/m2 , continuous central venous oximetry more than 70%, stroke volume variation less than 10%; in addition to the control group parameters such as central venous pressure 6-8 mmHg, mean arterial pressure 90-105 mmHg, normal arterial blood gas analysis values, pulse oximetry, hematocrit value above 30% and urine output more than 1 ml/kg/h. The aims were achieved by altering the administration of intravenous fluids and doses of inotropic or vasodilator agents. Three patients were excluded from the study and the data of 27 patients analyzed. The extra volume used (330+/-160 v/s 80+/-80 ml, P=0.043) number of adjustments of inotropic agents (3.4+/-1.5 v/s 0.4+/-0.7, P=0.026) in the EGDT group were significant. The average duration of ventilation (13.8+/-3.2 v/s 20.7+/-7.1 h), days of use of inotropic agents (1.6+/-0.9 v/s 3.8+/-1.6 d), ICU stay (2.6+/-0.9 v/s 4.9+/-1.8 d) and hospital stay (5.6+/-1.2 v/s 8.9+/-2.1 d) were less in the EGDT group, compared to those in the control group. This study is inconclusive with regard to the beneficial aspects of the early goal-directed therapy in cardiac surgery patients, although a few benefits were observed.


Subject(s)
Aged , Blood Gas Analysis , Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous , Blood Pressure/physiology , Cardiac Output/physiology , Cardiac Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Central Venous Pressure/physiology , Female , Goals , Heart Diseases/surgery , Hematocrit , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Intubation, Intratracheal , Male , Middle Aged , Monitoring, Intraoperative , Oximetry , Oxygen/blood , Prospective Studies , Tidal Volume , Treatment Outcome , Ventilator Weaning
15.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 58(5): 718-723, out. 2006. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-441517

ABSTRACT

Com o propósito de estabelecer valores-padrão da pressão venosa central (PVC), utilizaram-se 24 bezerros sadios, da raça Holandesa, com idade entre oito e 30 dias, e peso entre 37 e 50kg. A PVC foi medida, no átrio direito, com uso de cateter intravenoso e equipo próprio usando-se como via de acesso a veia jugular esquerda. O átrio direito foi considerado o ponto zero de referência para as leituras, estando topograficamente em correspondência externa à articulação escapuloumeral no animal em estação e à região do esterno, quando em decúbito lateral direito. Estabeleceram-se os valores médios da PVC, em centímetros de água, de 0,81±1,40 e 0,88±1,76, respectivamente, nos animais em estação e em decúbito lateral, e não houve diferença estatística entre os valores. A metodologia empregada para mensurar a PVC de bezerros revelou-se segura e exeqüível, não necessitando de aparelhagem sofisticada para a sua determinação.


With the aim of determining the central venous pressure (CVP) standard values, twenty-four healthy Holstein calves, aging 8-to-30 days and weighing from 37 to 50kg, were studied. To measure CVP, a specific intravenous catheter was inserted in the right atrium through the left jugular vein. The right atrium was the reference mark (zero) for the measurements, topographically in external correspondence to the scapulohumeral joint, when the animal was standing; and to the sternum region, when the animal was in right lateral recumbency. It was measured a mean CVP, in centimetres of H2O - 0.81±1.40 for animals in standing position, and 0.88±1.76 for animals in lateral recumbency - with no statistical difference between those values. The technique used for measuring CVP in calves was determined to be feasible and do not require sophisticated devices.


Subject(s)
Animals , Heart Atria/growth & development , Cattle , Central Venous Pressure/physiology , Reference Values
16.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 82(5): 389-394, Sept.-Oct. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-438358

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Verificar variabilidade na determinação da linha axilar média como ponto externo de referência (PER), por diferentes profissionais de saú de, para a aferição de pressão venosa central em crianças. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo e de correlação realizado em uma unidade de cuidados intensivos pediátricos de um hospital universitário. Durante a determinação da linha axilar média como PER para a aferição da pressão venosa central, cinco avaliações realizadas no mesmo paciente por profissionais de saúde e uma realizada por um avaliador treinado foram comparadas. O resultado foi um total de 120 indicações de 44 profissionais de saúde, 17 (38,6 por cento) auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem, 16 (36,3 por cento) enfermeiros e 11 (25,1 por cento) médicos, além de 24 identificações realizadas por avaliador treinado. Os dados foram analisados utilizando os testes do qui-quadrado, ANOVA, Kruskall-Wallis e teste t, fixando o nível de significância em 5 por cento. RESULTADOS: Houve diferença significante entre as identificações realizadas pelos profissionais de saúde e pelo avaliador (p < 0,001). Comparando a variabilidade das medidas realizadas pelos profissionais, 56 (46,7 por cento) foram menores do que a identificação do avaliador (variação de -0,5 até -9), 44 (36,7 por cento) foram maiores (variação de 0,5 até 4) e 20 (16,7 por cento) foram coincidentes (variação nula). Não se identificou influência da categoria profissional sobre a concordância entre os PER indicados (p = 0,899), tampouco na variabilidade observada (p = 0,778). Observou-se, contudo, que profissionais com maior tempo de experiência em unidades de cuidados intensivos demonstraram uma tendência a maior variabilidade com as medidas dos avaliadores. CONCLUSÃO: Verificou-se variabilidade nas indicações da linha axilar média como PER entre os profissionais e o avaliador treinado. A variabilidade não foi influenciada pela categoria profissional e quanto maior o tempo de experiência do profissional, maior...


OBJECTIVE: To investigate the variability in the establishment of the midaxillary line as external reference point (ERP), by different healthcare workers, for the measurement of central venous pressure in children. METHODS: Descriptive and correlational study carried out in a pediatric intensive care unit of a teaching hospital. During the establishment of the midaxillary line as ERP for central venous pressure measurement, five assessments of the same patient made by healthcare workers and one assessment made by a trained evaluator were compared. A total of 120 assessments were made by 44 healthcare workers, 17 (38.6 percent) by nursing assistants and nursing technicians, 16 (36.3 percent) by nurses and 11 (25.1 percent) by physicians, in addition to 24 assessments made by the trained evaluator. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test and t test. Significance level was set at 5 percent. RESULTS: There was statistically significant difference between the assessments made by healthcare workers and by the evaluator (p < 0.001). The comparison of the variability in the measurements made by healthcare workers revealed that 56 (46.7 percent) measurements were lower than those obtained by the evaluator (range from -0.5 to -9), 44 (36.7 percent) were higher (range from 0.5 to 4) and 20 (16.7 percent) were concordant (zero variability). Professional category did not influence the concordance between the ERPs (p = 0.899), or the variability observed (p = 0.778). However, the measurements made by professionals with greater experience in intensive care tended to differ more sharply from those made by the evaluators. CONCLUSION: The indications of the midaxillary line as ERP presented variations when measured by the healthcare team and by the trained evaluator. Variability was not influenced by professional category, and the more experienced the healthcare worker, the greater the probability for underestimation of the ERP...


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Axillary Vein/physiology , Blood Pressure Determination/standards , Central Venous Pressure/physiology , Analysis of Variance , Chi-Square Distribution , Health Personnel/standards , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Reference Standards , Statistics, Nonparametric
18.
Rev. chil. med. intensiv ; 17(1): 41-48, mar. 2002. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-340296

ABSTRACT

Salt-losing encefalopathy is a controversial clinical manifestation initially described by Peters in 1950 and reconsidered by Nelson in 1981. It is characterized by an excessive renal loss of sodium and water during an intracraneal disease, secondary to proximal tubular reabsorption dysfunction. Clínical manifestations include severe polyuria, hyponatremia, hypouricemia and hypovolemia. It is important to differentiate this disease from other polyric manifestations, specially with the Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH Secretion (SIADH), since its treatment is the complete contrary and consists of replacing large quantities of salt, and isotomic solutions. The inability to recognize this manifestation may lead to incorrect treatment, to serious deterioration of the neurological condition (associated to cerebral aneurisms), and to an increase in mortality. We present 4 neurosurgical cases (operated cerebral aneurisms) that accorded with this syndrome and were treated as such. The complete clinical history, differential diagnosis and physiopathology are discussed in detail, and literature is revised


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Hyponatremia , Intracranial Aneurysm , Postoperative Complications , Intracranial Aneurysm , Osmolar Concentration , Polyuria , Postoperative Complications , Central Venous Pressure/physiology , Sodium Chloride
19.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 31(7): 967-73, jul. 1998. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-212874

ABSTRACT

We have observed that acute blood volume expansion increases the gastroduodenal resistance to the flow of liquid in anesthetized dogs, while retraction decreases it (Santos et al. (1991) Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 143:261-269). This study evaluates the effect of blood volume expansion and retraction on the gastric emptying of liquid in awake rats using a modification of the technique of Scarpignato (1980) (Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie, 246:286-294). Male Wistar rats (180-220g( were fasted for 16 h with water ad libitum and 1.5 ml of the test meal (0.5 mg/ml phenol red solution in 5 percent glucose) was delivered to the stomach immediately after random submission to one of the following protocols: 1) normovolemic control (N=22), 2) expansion (N=72) by intravenous infusion (1 ml/min) of Ringer-bicarbonate solution, volumes of 1,2,3 or 5 percent body weight, or 3) retraction (N-22) by controlled bleeding (1.5 ml/100g). Gastric emptying of liquid was inhibited by 19-51.2 percent (P<0.05) after blood volume expansion (volumes of 1,2,3 or 5 percent body weight). Blood volume expansion produced a sustained increase in central venous pressure while mean arterial presure was transiently increased during expansion (P<0.05). Blood volume retraction increased gastric emptying by 28.5-49.9 percent (P<0.05) and decreased central venous pressure and mean arterial pressure (P<0.05). Infusion of the shed blood 10 min after bleeding reversed the effect of retraction on gastric emptying. These findings suggest that gastric emptying of liquid is subject to modulation by the blood volume.


Subject(s)
Male , Animals , Blood Volume/physiology , Digestive System/metabolism , Gastric Emptying/physiology , Central Venous Pressure/physiology , Hemodynamics , Infusions, Intravenous , Rats, Wistar , Time Factors
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